Do I need a separate entrance for a basement apartment in New Brunswick?
Do I need a separate entrance for a basement apartment in New Brunswick?
Yes, a separate entrance is mandatory for all basement apartments (secondary suites) in New Brunswick under the National Building Code of Canada 2020 edition, which NB has adopted effective May 1, 2025 for new applications.
The separate entrance requirement ensures proper fire safety and allows independent access for tenants without going through the main dwelling unit. This entrance must lead directly to the secondary suite without passing through any part of the primary residence. You'll also need egress windows in all bedrooms that meet minimum size requirements (3.8 square feet opening area, minimum 15 inches wide and 24 inches high, with the sill no more than 5 feet above the floor).
Additional NBC requirements for your basement apartment include:
- Fire separation between units with minimum 45-minute fire rating on walls and ceiling
- Interconnected smoke and carbon monoxide alarms throughout both units
- Minimum ceiling height of 1.95 meters (6'5") in habitable rooms
- Separate heating system or fire-rated ductwork if sharing systems
- Proper bathroom ventilation and natural light requirements
Before starting construction, you must confirm zoning compliance with your local authority. In incorporated areas like Moncton, Fredericton, Saint John, or Dieppe, contact your municipal planning department. In rural/unincorporated areas, contact your Regional Service Commission (RSC). Secondary suite rules vary significantly across New Brunswick municipalities - some are very permissive while others have strict limitations or prohibit them entirely.
The entrance construction itself will require a building permit from your municipality or RSC, and any electrical work for lighting, outlets, or panel upgrades must be done by a TIS-licensed electrician with an NB Power wiring permit (1-800-615-0522). Plumbing modifications require a TIS-licensed plumber and plumbing permit.
Start by calling your local planning office to confirm secondary suites are permitted in your zone before investing in design or construction. This single call can save you thousands in potential compliance issues down the road.
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