What's the best way to plan renovations for a heritage home in Saint John?

Heritage homes in Saint John require careful planning that balances preservation with modern functionality. Start by determining if your property is designated under New Brunswick's Heritage Conservation Act (SNB 2009, c H-4.05) — many Uptown Saint John homes from the Loyalist era (1780s-1840s) and Victorian period (1870s-1920s) carry heritage protection that requires municipal approval for exterior changes.

Contact the City of Saint John's heritage officer first before making any exterior modifications. Even non-designated heritage properties in established neighborhoods may face design guidelines. The city's Growth & Community Services department (506-658-2835) can clarify what approvals you'll need and connect you with the heritage planning team.

For structural assessment, these older homes often feature hand-hewn timber frames or balloon framing that requires specialized knowledge. Post-and-beam construction from the Loyalist era can be remarkably sound after 200+ years, but moisture infiltration around stone foundations is common. Victorian-era balloon framing may lack proper fire stopping between floors — a critical safety upgrade during renovation.

Electrical and mechanical systems in heritage homes typically need complete replacement. Knob-and-tube wiring was common through the 1940s and must be updated to current standards. All electrical work requires a licensed contractor and NB Power wiring permit (1-800-615-0522), followed by Technical Inspection Services inspection (1-888-659-3222). Original plaster-and-lathe walls make rewiring challenging — budget 30-40% more than standard drywall homes.

Lead paint and asbestos are virtually guaranteed in pre-1950 homes. Test before disturbing any surfaces. Professional abatement for lead paint runs $8-15 per square foot; asbestos removal varies widely based on location and type. Never attempt DIY removal of either material.

Insulation upgrades require careful moisture management. These homes were designed to "breathe" — adding modern vapor barriers without proper ventilation can trap moisture and cause rot. Dense-pack cellulose in walls and spray foam in rim joists often work better than batt insulation. Basement insulation is particularly tricky with stone or rubble foundations.

Window restoration vs replacement is a common dilemma. Original windows often have heritage value but terrible energy performance. Professional restoration with storm windows can achieve decent efficiency while preserving character. Budget $800-1,500 per window for quality restoration, or $600-1,200 for heritage-appropriate replacements.

Heating system upgrades are essential — many heritage homes still rely on oil furnaces or outdated systems. Cold-climate heat pumps work well but require backup heating for New Brunswick's -25°C winters. Ductwork installation in timber-frame construction needs careful fire separation planning.

Plan your timeline around Saint John's coastal climate — exterior work is best May through September. Winter moisture from Bay of Fundy fog can complicate interior work if the building envelope isn't sealed properly.

Budget 20-30% more than standard renovations for heritage-specific challenges: custom millwork, specialized trades, unexpected structural issues, and longer timelines for heritage approvals. A full heritage home renovation typically runs $150-300 per square foot depending on the scope.

Start with a comprehensive assessment by contractors experienced in heritage work — find verified professionals familiar with Saint John's historic housing stock in our New Brunswick directory.